CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGY

Chapters Outline

  1. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
    1. Main Goal
    2. Applications of Artificial Intelligence
    3. Advantage and Disadvantages
  2. Virtual Reality (VR)
    1. Advantages and Disadvantages
  3. E-Governance
    1. Some online Services provided by government of Nepal
    2. Advantages and Disadvantages
    3. Type of Interaction
  4. Internet of Things (IOT)
    1. Advantages and Disadvantages
  5. Cloud Computing
    1. Types of cloud computing
      1. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
      2. Software as a service (SaaS)
      3. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
    2. Advantages and Disadvantages
  6. Mobile Computing
    1. Advantages and Disadvantages
    2. Components of Mobile Computing
    3. Limitations

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making intelligent computers or machines which can think like human beings. Siri on the iPhone and Microsoft's Cortana on Windows are the examples of AI.

Main Goal of AI

  • To Create expert systems
  • To implement human intelligence in machine

Applications of AI

  • Natural Language Processing
  • Gamming
  • Handwriting Recognition
  • Expert system
  • Speech Recognitions
  • Vision System

Advantages

  • Reduction of human errors
  • Take risk instead of human
  • Digital Assistance
  • Faster Decisions
  • Helping in repetitive jobs

Disadvantages

  • High Cost
  • No Creativity
  • Unemployment
  • Making Human Lazy
  • No Ethics
  • Emotionless

Virtual Reality

Virtual reality is an artificial environment created using multimedia technology including computer systems in such a way that the user feels everything around her/him is real.

Advantages

  1. Provide live experience
  2. Helps students to learn the complicated topic.
  3. Can be used to experiment impossible things
  4. Used to make the game much more realistic

Disadvantages

  • It is expensive
  • May cause eye problem
  • May lead to motion sickness
  • May lead a user to live in an imaginary world.

E-Governance

E-Governance is a set of services provided by the government to public via electronic media especially using Internet.

Example

  • paying taxes online, online company registration
  • Online apply for Passport, national id card
  • Utility payment such as drinking water, electricity etc
  • requesting various services from government though governmental websites,
  • providing information to public via government's websites etc.

Advantages

  • Speedy service
  • Transparent
  • Helps to reduce corruption.
  • Reduce operational cost

Disadvantages

  • Highly expensive infrastructure is required
  • Skilled manpower required
  • Poor Internet connectivity
  • Needs powerful cyber laws to implement

Types of Interaction

  • G2G(Government to Government)
  • G2B (Government to Business)
  • G2C (Government to Citizen)
  • G2E (Government to Employees)

IoT (Internet of Things)

IoT is a network of different kinds of devices that can sense or read the values of their surrounding environments which are connected with servers so that they can communicate with each other.

Advantages

  • Efficient resource utilization
  • Minimize human effort
  • Save time
  • Enhance data collection maintains the accuracy
  • Improve security

Disadvantages

  • Security
  • Privacy
  • Complexity

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is a type of Internet-based computing which provides online resources (software, platform, infrastructure). Google Drive is an example of cloud storage.

Here are a few of the things we can do with the cloud

  • Create new apps and services
  • Store, back up and recover data
  • Host websites and blogs
  • Stream audio and video
  • Deliver software on demand

There are three basic types of cloud computing services

  • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): In this type of cloud service, customer can use processing, storage, networking, and other computing resources from cloud service providers to run their software system.
  • Software as a Service (SaaS): Customer subscribes the software services from a vendor for an annual subscription fee or sometimes free and use it over Internet. Eg Gmail, Google Drive
  • Platform as a Service (PaaS): Customer use infrastructure and programming tools and environment supported by the vendors to develop their own applications

Advantages

  • Pay as much as you use
  • No server space
  • High Data security is provided
  • Experts are not required for managing hardware and software

Mobile Computing

Mobile computing is a generic term that refers to a variety of devices that allow people to access data and information from wherever they are using Mobile devices like smart phones, tablets, wearable devices that have computing power, battery-powered, portable, and can wirelessly connected to network.

Components of Mobile Computing

  1. Mobile Hardware: Mobile hardware are generally small in size and highly portable with the ability to process data and give output based on inputs given by keypad, touch, voices or sensors.
  2. Mobile Software: Mobile Software is the software program which is developed specifically to be run on mobile hardware.
  3. Mobile Communication: Mobile Communication refers to the exchange of data and voice using existing wireless networks.

Advantages of Mobile Computing

  • It is portables.
  • It is affordable.
  • Easy data access
  • It increased productivity
  • It provides entertainment

Principles of Mobile Computing

  • Portability
  • Connectivity
  • Interactivity
  • Individuality

Limitation of Mobile Computing

  • Security
  • Issues with connectivity
  • Device size limitations
  • Power consumption
  • Dependency