Data alone does not give any meaning. Raw form of any facts, figures or entities are known as data. For example, Ram, 23, Kalika etc are raw data individually does not give any meaning.
The processed form of data is known as information. When the data becomes information it gives meaningful result. For Example Ram is 23 Years old who lives in Kalika.
A collection of systematically organized inter-related data is called a database. For example Telephone directory(Phonebook), Mark Ledger, Attendance.
Why Database: Database is used to store, organize and retrieve data.
Tables also called the primary object of database are the building block of database. Table stores data into rows called records and column called field.
A record or row contains information about single items in a database. It is also called tuple.
A field or column contains information about a certain type for all records. It is also known as attributes.
Database management system (DBMS) is a computerized system that stores data, processes them and provides information in an organized form.
Creating, modifying, updating, appending, organizing, sorting, removing, and retrieving data are the major tasks performed easily, efficiently and accurately by using Database management system.
Example of DBMS are: My SQL, MS Access etc
| Database | DBMS |
|---|---|
| It is collection of related data. | It is a software to maintain database. |
| It is not secured. | It is highly secured. |
| Data sharing is impossible. | Data can be easily share in a network |
| Every DBMS has database. | Every database doesn't have DBMS. |
| Eg, Dictionary, telephone directory | Eg, MY SQL, Oracle. |
The database system which stores and display data in tabular format of rows and column like is known as RDBMS. It is the most practical DBMS those days. For example, MS-Access, MY SQL, Oracle etc
MS-Access is DBMS software based n RDMBS model developed by Microsoft Corporation. This software is distributed along with the Microsoft Office application package.
MS Access consists of seven objects. The various objects of MS-Access are
All objects of a database are stored in a single file, and the extension of database file is .accdb.
There are two views for Table : Design View and datasheet View
Data type determines the kind of values that can be store in the data field. For example Text Data type is used to store Name, similarly Date and Time Data Type is uses to store data.
In MS Access following Data Types are used
Used for storing alphanumeric characters, text, or combinations of text and numbers. It is suitable for data that doesn't require mathematical calculations.
Used for storing lengthy text or combinations of text and numbers. Memo fields can hold large amounts of text, making them suitable for notes, descriptions, or comments.
Used for storing numeric data that will be used in mathematical calculations. You can specify the data type (integer, long integer, single, double, etc.) to control the precision and range of numeric values.
Used for storing data that can only have one of two possible values, such as "Yes" or "No," "True" or "False," or "1" or "0."
Used for storing date and time data. This data type allows you to store specific dates and times, making it useful for scheduling and tracking events.
Used for storing currency values. Currency data type provides built-in formatting for monetary values, including symbols and decimal places.
Used for generating unique sequential numbers automatically. AutoNumber fields are typically used as primary keys to ensure each record has a unique identifier.
Used for storing hyperlinks to websites, files, or other resources. Access can recognize and open these hyperlinks for easy navigation.
Used for storing OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) objects, such as Microsoft Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, pictures, sounds, or other embedded objects.
Allows you to attach and store multiple files of various types within a single field. It's useful for managing file attachments within the database.
Used to create a field that allows you to choose a value from another table using a drop-down list or combo box. This is helpful for enforcing data integrity and reducing data entry errors.
Field properties are used to control over the contents of a data field. The general properties of fields are given below:
Primary Key is a special field or group of fields in the table that uniquely identifies each record from the database.
A foreign key is a field or set of fields in a database table that establishes a link to the primary key of another table, enforcing referential integrity and creating relationships between tables.
A composite key is a combination of two or more fields in a database table that together uniquely identify each record in that table, ensuring data integrity and allowing for complex relationships between tables.
Indexing in a database is a technique used to quickly locate and access data within a table by creating a data structure that improves search speed.
Indexing is a database optimization technique that creates a data structure to improve the speed and efficiency of data retrieval by enabling fast lookup and searching of specific data
Sorting is the process of arranging data in a specific order, often ascending (A to Z or 1 to 9) or descending (Z to A or 9 to 1)
Filtering is the process of selecting and displaying a subset of data from a larger dataset based on specific criteria or conditions,
A query is simply the question that we ask about the data stored in the table. Query is used to perform mathematical calculation.
Retrieves specific data from one or more tables.
Performs tasks like modifying, deleting, or creating data.
Asks for input to customize the query results.
Filters and sorts data based on complex conditions.
Calculates summary statistics like sums or averages.
Summarizes data in a matrix format, showing data grouped by rows and columns.
Wildcard are the special characters that represent one or series of characters present in the given word.
Forms are used to display the information in specific manner, as well as it allows user to add, modify and delete data in a table.
Reports are generally created for the printing purpose of any desired information from table and queries.